FAP - Social Sciences Interdisciplinary & Educational research

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A conceptual review of the higher education system based on open innovation (OI) perspectives
(Springer Nature, 2024-03-16) Mochnacs, Amalia Elena; Pîrciog, Speranța; Sigurjonsson, Throstur Olaf; Grigorescu, Adriana
The open innovation paradigm has evolved from its incipient form, namely Schumpeter's new production function from 1912, to the current context of a global network of societies, including virtual communities that produce innovative ideas and industry applications through knowledge transfer. The role of industry-university cooperation and networks is widely recognized within the current academic approach. However, the context of higher education, its characteristics, and business application are not thoroughly explained from the Open Innovation (OI) perspective. The debate and further understanding of OI, industry-university cooperation, and the accurate application of academic knowledge to the business world and society are academics' main concerns nowadays, our research being a beginning step. The research objective is to present the evolution of the innovation concept from the higher education perspective through a qualitative review of existing studies. The contribution of this paper is linked to the proposed higher education service life cycle framework for academics based on the current needs for innovation, accessibility, and global integration.
Active Ageing in Inclusive Urban Social Innovation
(MDPI, 2025) Matei, Ani; Dobre, Alexandra Elena; Matei, Oana; Leoveanu, Andy Constantin
This article examines the convergence between active ageing, inclusive social innovation, and smart city development, proposing the concept of the Inclusive Urban Social Innovation Ecosystem (IUSIE) as a systemic framework for enhancing the quality of life for older adults in urban environments. The study explores how urban governance, digital transformation, and community-based collaboration can collectively support health, autonomy, and participation among ageing populations. Using a literature-based review combined with comparative analysis of recent international policy and innovation practices, the paper develops and validates three interconnected research hypotheses. These hypotheses address the role of IUSIE as a complex adaptive system for active ageing, the function of inclusive social innovation as a bridge between ageing processes and artificial intelligence, and the expression of smart city adaptability through urban inclusiveness. Case studies from Europe, Asia, and North America illustrate how age-friendly urban innovation is being pursued through participatory methods, technology-enabled services, and ecosystemic policy integration. The findings confirm that addressing active ageing in smart cities requires interdisciplinary, inclusive, and context-sensitive strategies. The IUSIE model offers an integrative perspective for designing urban environments that are not only technologically advanced but also socially responsive and longevity-ready.
Artificial intelligence and sustainable development during the pandemic: An overview of the scientific debates
(Cell Press, 2024-05-15) Năstasă, Anamaria; Dumitra, Teodora Catalina; Grigorescu, Adriana
The current work aims to analyze the main themes related to artificial intelligence (AI) and sustainable development during the pandemic period. This study provides an overview of the specialized literature related to AI and sustainability from the beginning of the pandemic through 2023. The present paper analyses scientific literature emphasizing both artificial intelligence's positive and negative impacts on sustainable development objectives (SDGs). To conduct the research, we employed bibliometric analysis and text-mining techniques to identify the major themes in the literature indexed in the Web of Science and Scopus databases. Firstly, we used descriptive measures to identify the authors' impact, the article production by country, the main keywords used, and other descriptive data. We further used data reduction methods based on coword analysis (such as multiple correspondence analysis) on authors' keywords to show patterns in the themes explored in the literature. Bibliometric analysis was supplemented by text mining using Latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) and structural topic modeling on abstracts to provide a comprehensive view of scientific debates on AI and sustainable development. Our research has identified various themes in the literature related to AI and sustainable development. These themes include social sustainability, health-related issues, AI technologies for energy efficiency, sustainability in industry and innovation, IoT technologies for smart and sustainable cities, urban planning, technologies for education and knowledge production, and the impact of technologies on SDGs. We also found that there is a significant positivity bias in the literature when discussing the impact of AI on sustainable development. Despite acknowledging certain risks, the literature tends to focus on the potential benefits of AI across various sectors. In addition, the analysis shows a growing emphasis on energy efficiency, which is facilitated by the use of AI technologies. Our study contributes to a better understanding of current scholarly discussion trends and emerging scientific avenues regarding AI and sustainable development. It also highlights the areas where research is needed and the implications for practitioners and policymakers.
Civic Engagement and Cultural Heritage: Lessons from the Herculane Project
(Civil Rewiev, 2024-06-24) Berceanu, Ionuț Bogdan
In the current global context, the cultural sector faces various challenges related to funding, access, and participation. This paper aims to identify potential pathways for civic initiatives. The purpose of this narrative article is to discuss the role of civic engagement in protecting cultural heritage goods when public authorities fail to do so. The Romanian Law of Preserving Cultural Monuments is central to this discussion. It delineates the responsibilities of both governmental and non-governmental entities in safeguarding the nation's cultural heritage. Thus, the Herculane Project- situated in Băile Herculane (Herculane Baths), initiated by a Romanian non-governmental organization (NGO) offers invaluable lessons on the dynamics between civil society, public administration authorities, and the preservation of cultural monuments. The work presents a qualitative analysis of the mechanisms through which civic engagement has influenced the trajectory of the Herculane Project. It explores how local communities, NGOs, and grassroots movements have mobilized to advocate for the preservation of Băile Herculane's cultural heritage. The conclusion of this paper aims to demonstrate the relevance of contemporary civil societies in preserving cultural heritage goods. It underlines how the best practices employed by the NGO in charge of the Herculane Project can be applied to other cases while considering the dynamics of cultural heritage preservation.
Digital Revolution and Digitization Process to Promote AIS as a Vector of Financial Performance
(MDPI, 2023-07) Binsaeed, Rima H.; Yousaf, Zahid; Grigorescu, Adriana; Radu, Valentin; Nassani, Abdelmohsen A.
Nowadays, many businesses recognize the importance of digitization as a strategic advantage to maintain competitiveness. As a result, current research aims to investigate three significant factors that influence digital transformation: digital innovation (DI), digital orientation (DO), and the accounting information system (AIS). These factors are supposed to impact the financial success and performance of firms. The objective of this study is to examine the positive association between digital orientation and financial performance (FP) and to explore how the AIS mediates this relationship. Additionally, this paper investigates the moderating role of digital innovation in the relationship between digital orientation and financial performance. To collect data, a quantitative method was employed using a random sampling technique. Data were collected via a questionnaire survey from small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in China, with a sample size of 550. Structural equation modeling (SEM) and a bootstrapping technique with 5000 iterations were used to test the study hypotheses. The findings of this study indicate a positive link between digital orientation and the financial performance of organizations. Furthermore, the results confirm that the AIS acts as a mediator between digital orientation and financial performance. The outcomes also demonstrate that digital innovation plays a moderating role in the relationship between DO and financial performance. This paper contributes to the existing literature on digital transformation by providing a deeper understanding of the aforementioned antecedents of the digital revolution (DO, AIS, and financial performance) and how they should be integrated within digitalization settings to achieve financial performance.
Digital Skills, Ethics, and Integrity—The Impact of Risky Internet Use, a Multivariate and Spatial Approach to Understanding NEET Vulnerability
(MDPI, 2025) Grigorescu, Adriana; Alistar, Teodor Victor; Lincaru, Cristina
In an era where digitalization shapes economic and social landscapes, the intersection of digital skills, ethics, and integrity plays a crucial role in understanding the vulnerability of youth classified as NEET (Not in Education, Employment, or Training). This study explores how risky internet use and digital skill gaps contribute to socio-economic exclusion, integrating a multivariate and spatial approach to assess regional disparities in Europe. This study adopts a systems thinking perspective to explore digital exclusion as an emergent outcome of multiple interrelated subsystems. The research employs logistic regression, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) with Promax rotation, and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to examine the impact of digital behaviors on NEET status. Using Eurostat data aggregated at the country level for the period (2000–2023) across 28 European countries, this study evaluates 24 digital indicators covering social media usage, instant messaging, daily internet access, data protection awareness, and digital literacy levels. The findings reveal that low digital skills significantly increase the likelihood of being NEET, while excessive social media and internet use show mixed effects depending on socio-economic context. A strong negative correlation between digital security practices and NEET status suggests that youths with a higher awareness of online risks are less prone to socio-economic exclusion. The GIS analysis highlights regional disparities, where countries with limited digital access and lower literacy levels exhibit higher NEET rates. Digital exclusion is not merely a technological issue but a multidimensional socio-economic challenge. To reduce the NEET rate, policies must focus on enhancing digital skills, fostering online security awareness, and addressing regional disparities. Integrating GIS methods allows for the identification of territorial clusters with heightened digital vulnerabilities, guiding targeted interventions for improving youth employability in the digital economy.
E-Banking Convergence and the Adopter's Behavior Changing Across EU Countries
(SAGE , 2023-10) Grigorescu, Adriana; Oprișan, Oana; Lincaru, Cristina; Pîrciog, Speranța
"The concepts of internet banking and mobile banking have led to changes in people's financial behavior in terms of earning, consuming, and saving. This new concept, which entered the market quite recently, was used at the beginning of the new digital technology in various types of activities, banking operations, and nowadays these services are used by all people who want to save through banks or create new sources of income, as well as to make quick currency exchanges without going to credit institutions. The main purpose of this paper is to analyze people's behavior toward new digital technologies, e-banking adoption, and non-banking financial institutions internet services. The objectives pursued are: whether e-banking users are homogeneous in their characteristics in the EU 27 and which users have the most convergent or divergent behavior in the EU 27. Statistical data taken from Eurostat 2023 was used for the Sigma convergence analysis, the time series taken into consideration being from 2004 to 2022. The results showed that the changes in the procedural-fiscal-financial sphere are the ones that fully reflect the two principles underlying the tax evolution: digitization and simplification. These results confirm that people are adopting the new digital technology and change their behavior from consumer to prosumer. The study shows that all most categories adopted e-banking using new digital technologies when it comes to consumption and saving, with few exceptions that should be carefully supported. E-Banking convergence and the adopter's behaviour within the EU CountriesThe concepts of internet banking and mobile banking have led to changes in people's financial behavior in terms of earning, consuming, and saving. This new concept, which entered the market quite recently, was used at the beginning of the new digital technology in various types of activities, banking operations, and nowadays these services are used by all people who want to save through banks or create new sources of income, as well as to make quick currency exchanges without going to credit institutions. The main purpose of this paper is to analyze people's behavior towards new digital technologies, e-banking adoption, and non-banking financial institutions internet services. The objectives pursued are: whether e-banking users are homogeneous in their characteristics in the EU 27 and which users have the most convergent or divergent behavior in the EU 27. Statistical data taken from Eurostat 2023 was used for the Sigma convergence analysis, the time series taken into consideration being from 2004 to 2022. The results showed that the changes in the procedural-fiscal-financial sphere are the ones that fully reflect the two principles underlying the tax evolution: digitization and simplification. These results confirm that people are adopting the new digital technology and change their behavior from consumer to prosumer. The study shows that all most categories adopted e-banking using new digital technologies when it comes to consumption and saving, with few exceptions that should be carefully supported. Digital transformation is not just about buying new, modern equipment, or retrieving data quickly and securely, but also about the technical implementation of state-of-the-art IT systems. It should be noted that digitization has had important effects on both public and private organizations and people, which can be translated as follows: time saved in people's interaction with public and private organizations; efficiency in administrative processes; transparency in their work. The economic environment becomes much more attractive and leads to investment and innovation in all areas. The digitization of all public or private services would also strengthen the administrative capacity of the whole population. Through studies, research, and future studies, it is essential to analyze and demonstrate that new digital technologies and their use could lead to the elimination of tax fraud, increased public confidence in local or central government and confidence in business. Finally, we can say that it is essential that new research in the field of digitization and e-banking use strengthens the literature reviews and explains at a higher level the answers to all research questions."
E-learning platforms supporting the educational effectiveness of distance learning programmes: a comparative study in administrative sciences
(Elsevier, 2013) Matei, Ani; Brosser, Luise
Over recent decades, the transformation of education through technology has created a more extensive tool for enhancing the Bologna process for increasing the quality, effectiveness and accessibility of higher education. In this context, literature supports the importance of Web platforms for education, in particular through comparative analysis, focusing on educational effectiveness and promoting quality education. Few studies have integrated the analysis with the economic issues. This paper aims to achieve a comparative study of Web platforms, in terms of raising the effectiveness of distance education, and the economic costs required to implement them. The research methodology is using, for the first time, an adapted version of cost-effectiveness analysis. Empirical research will be carried out on two platforms of e-learning - Learning Management System (LMS) and Moodle - used by our university to support distance education programs. The working hypothesis starts from the fact that open source software is cheaper than that developed internally, even if it does not fully meet the needs of the university.
Education 2.0: E-Learning Methods
(Elsevier, 2015) Tîrziu, Andreea Maria; Vrabie, Cătălin
Information and communication tools (ICT), Web 2.0 applications and the impact that these resources are having on education are rapidly creating new challenges for teachers and learners faced with learning online. Teaching and learning in an e-learning environment happens differently than in the traditional classroom and can present new challenges to professors and learners participating in this online learning environment. Objectives: The purpose of this article is to provide a framework for teachers for a better e-interaction with students. Approach: It shows the literature and research that focus on e-learning statistics. Results: Continuing to learn and try new methods of communication will aid in improved learning and foster teacher-student respect and collaboration. Value: There are effective techniques to presenting face-to-face material in the online environment that will allow the student to achieve a higher level of satisfaction of learning and cognitive understanding of the course material.
Emotional Intelligence, Innovative Work Behavior, and Cultural Intelligence Reflection on Innovation Performance in the Healthcare Industry
(MDPI, 2023-07) Binsaeed, Rima H.; Yousaf, Zahid; Grigorescu, Adriana; Condrea, Elena; Nassani, Abdelmohsen A.
Innovation requires creativity, risk-taking, and the ability to manage change effectively, all of which are closely linked to emotional intelligence. Individuals with high levels of emotional intelligence are more flexible, adaptable, and resilient in technological advancements and are better able to respond effectively to new challenges and opportunities. Thus, this study aims to recognize the significant role of emotional intelligence, along with the mediation of innovative work behavior (IWB) and the moderation role of cultural intelligence in the attainment of innovation performance. This is quantitative research and for data collection, a questionnaire was used in healthcare institutions. The result shows that emotional intelligence is an antecedent of innovation performance. The finding also proved that IWB mediates the linkage between emotional intelligence and innovation performance. In addition, the outcomes show that cultural intelligence strengthens the relationship between emotional intelligence and innovation performance. However, the current dynamic business world has created an urgency to understand the linkage between the employee's emotional intelligence and employee innovative performance, particularly taking into consideration the mediation effect of IWB. Emotional intelligence and innovation are closely linked, and innovative work behavior connects this link in a stronger way. This study offered a unique framework for achieving innovation performance through the nexus of emotional intelligence, innovative work behavior, and cultural intelligence.
Erasmus+ Social Entrepreneurship. A New Formula for Exploring the Creativity and Innovation for Young People
(National University of Political Studies and Public Administration, 2017) Rădulescu, Crina; Sandu, Cristina
The driving forces behind the redesign of the Erasmus programmes were the EU and the national initiatives in knowledge, innovation, education, digital society, green production, competitiveness, job creation, skill acquisition and in the fight against poverty. The European Commission (2014) has stated the great importance of education, training, youth and sport in helping to tackle the key challenges that Europe is facing both now and in the next decade. Key action 2 of the Erasmus+ Programme “Cooperation for innovation and the exchange of the good practices” promotes innovative actions for enhancing employability and entrepreneurship, namely “Knowledge Alliances” and “Sector Skills Alliances”. Following the important aspects of the Key Action 2 of the Erasmus+ Programme, the paper aims at identifying the current concerns and partnerships in using a new formula for exploring creativity and innovation in young people: Erasmus+ Social Entrepreneurship. The arguments for the current research are: firstly, the great focus on the issue of social entrepreneurship and Erasmus+ in educational programmes across Europe (Euclid Network UK – projects of Erasmus for Social Entrepreneurs; Salto Youth network European Commission – training course Using Social Entrepreneurship in Erasmus+); secondly, the great need in identifying innovative solutions for youth employment (the youth unemployment rate reached a new historic high of 23.5% in February 2013, Eurostat, 2013); thirdly, the fact that social entrepreneurship represents one of the most effective and innovative solutions to youth unemployment and poverty reduction (the “Erasmus for Young Entrepreneurs” Programme of the European Commission aims to increase the number of start-ups, to boost their resilience and to create jobs). In order to achieve the aim of the paper, the research methodology will employ two main sections: - The first section – an empirical study of successful Erasmus stories from within the National University of Political Studies and Public Administration, Romania in its cooperation with partner-universities. The objective is to analyse and identify the labour insertion opportunities for Erasmus students after attending this programme. The empirical study will make use of questionnaires completed by former Erasmus students within the National University of Political Studies and Public Administration, Romania with partner-universities and statistical data obtained; - The second section – a descriptive analysis of the current initiatives in Erasmus+ and Social Entrepreneurship, connected to the empirical study’s results. The objective is to identify the partnerships and financing opportunities for Erasmus+ and Social Entrepreneurship across Europe. The descriptive analysis will make use of reports and documents at European and national levels.
Exploring the Universities’ Resilience in Times of Crisis by Reporting to the Pattern of the National Culture
(Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, 2024) Dincă, DragoșValentin; Nicolescu, Cristina Elena; Berceanu, Ionuț Bogdan
Amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, superior education demonstrated remarkable adaptability during crises, particularly by swiftly embracing a borderless virtual learning environment. From this perspective, the paper is focused on the resilience of the university educational system, underlining the importance of two key pillars that model it: the pattern of national culture and the level of public spending on education. To this end and by reference to Hofstede’s cultural dimensions theory, the paper highlights that the pattern of national culture explains a good deal of the levels of budget allocations on education between 2007-2020 of the current 27 EU member states. Thus, beyond the good practices identified in the institutional development plan by implementing a new management model, the results of the paper analysis indicate the need to consolidate the national educational policies through proper financing of the field, towards achieving the European Education Area.
Fostering Democratic Values for the Future An In-Depth Exploration of Romania's Preuniversity Education System
(Civil Rewiev, 2024) Cărăuşan, Mihaela V.
Delving into the subjects that contribute to the democratic values frame. We will investigate the active role of individuals in shaping cultural norms and emphasize the importance of their participation in manifesting democratic power within the state. Moreover, the study questions whether the education system effectively prepares the future generation to be responsible members of society. The paper starts with the concept of co-creation and assesses whether individuals are ready to understand or know its implications. It reviews the empowerment of individuals as active decision-makers in societal processes and their ability to critically reflect on social movements and evolution. Furthermore, the research explores whether the upcoming generation possesses values that enable them to reject or aspire to different ideologies. In addressing the relationship between individuals and civil society, the paper investigates when and how nongovernmentalorganizations play a role in the education of future generations' values. An essential aspect of the study is an analysis of the education system's contribution to promoting Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Romania. The research evaluates whether citizens have the necessary values to protect and support a sustainable future. The methodological framework for the paper is structured around a combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods, such as literature and document review, content and comparative analysis, and a multidisciplinary approach to gather comprehensive insights. Through this comprehensive examination, the paper aims to contribute valuable insights and recommendations for enhancing Romania's preuniversity education system, strengthening civil society, and promoting a sustainable future.
Knowledge Sharing Key Issue for Digital Technology and Artificial Intelligence Adoption
(MDPI, 2023-07) Binsaeed, Rima H.; Yousaf, Zahid; Grigorescu, Adriana; Samoilă, Alina; Chițescu, Răzvan Ion; Nassani, Abdelmohsen A.
In the current digital era, digital technologies develop and emerge rapidly, businesses, especially the electronic sector more connected to information technology, facing challenges in the terms of its technology infrastructure and tactical directions. That's why most of them adopt the latest digital technology (DT) and design novel business strategies and models. The growing significance of AI in the transformation of manufacturing operations and the demand for a thorough knowledge of the variables affecting its adoption serve as the driving forces behind the study. Several researchers have presented that digital technology can lead toward AI adoption. Though, previous studies lack an efficient transformation pathway. Therefore, this study establishes an inventive approach and aims to investigate the direct link between digital technology and AI adoption, the mediating function of knowledge sharing (KS) between them, and explore the moderating impact of privacy and security that assist in the acceleration of AI adoption in electronics manufacturing enterprises through the antecedent of digital technology. This study is quantitative in nature, random sampling method and questionnaire is used as a survey tool. Depending on 298 questionnaire data from electronic firms of Saudi Arabia, this study performs multi-level correlation and regression analysis to evaluate study hypotheses. Findings confirm that digital technology has a positive influence on AI adoption. In addition, outcomes corroborate that knowledge sharing mediates in the linkage between digital technology and AI adoption. The results also proved that privacy and security have a positive moderation impact on the association between digital technology and AI adoption. This study enlighten that the adoption of this framework enables electronic manufacturing companies to strategically integrate digital-technologies to promote effective AI adoption, increase its operational efficiency, and sustain a competitive advantage in the constantly evolving manufacturing landscape. The outcomes as well supplement the previous study on the linkage between digital technology and AI adoption, expand application space and theoretical boundary from the perspective of knowledge sharing, privacy and security at the managerial level, and give reference for AI adoption in, as electronics manufacturing firms.
Leading Role of Big Data Analytic Capability in Innovation Performance: Role of Organizational Readiness and Digital Orientation
(MDPI, 2023-06) Binsaeed, Rima H.; Grigorescu, Adriana; Yousaf, Zahid; Condrea, Elena; Nassani, Abdelmohsen A.
The advancement of technology offers various opportunities for business organizations to achieve sustainable growth. Through emerging technologies, business organizations are able to collect and analyze essential information vital for the acceleration of innovation. Therefore, this study investigated how big data contribute to the innovation activities of manufacturing entrepreneurs in terms of big data analytic capability (BDAC). The aim of this study was to relate BDAC to organizational readiness and innovation performance (IP). Moreover, we examined the mediating role of organizational readiness between BDAC and IP. We also examined the strengthening role of digital orientation. To collect the study data, we approached 494 frontline managers of the manufacturing sector of Saudi Arabia. The collected data were analyzed using statistical techniques such as descriptive, correlation, and hierarchical regression techniques. We found that BDAC plays a vital role in developing organizational readiness and IP. The findings also proved that organizational readiness has a significant effect on IP. The results revealed that organizational readiness mediates between BDAC and IP.
NO ONE LEFT BEHIND: ENABLING DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION OF HUMAN EUROPEAN WORKERS
(Vilnius University, 2024) Duke, Benjamin; Grigorescu, Adriana; Lincaru, Cristina; Ciucă, Vasilica; Dragomir, Mihai Silviu
Digital transformation generates rapid and radical structural changes, increasing the need to leave no one behind during the Industrial Revolution 4.0. New categories of workers are generated, and we can talk about the bots/robots as Digital Workers, the employees who are using digital facilities and have a digital education as Digital Human Workers, and the Human Workers who are not using digital instruments. Human Workers are the most exposed to being left behind once digital transformation is adopted by almost all the actors of the social and economic environment. Therefore, we find it urgent to dimension the scale of digital skills demanded at the EU level for the persons at risk of being left behind and estimate the average costs of transformative action at the enterprise level used for digital skills development. Public Employment Services have an important role among the enablers meant to accelerate digital skills for workers. Its primary target is the most vulnerable categories of workers. The study estimates the financial effort of continuous vocational training using a Linear Mixed Model on panel data from Eurostat. The results highlighted the new role of Public Employment Services as enablers of the Digital Transformation of Human European Workers, creating digital skills as portable skills that enhance the intersectoral mobility of Human Workers. Estimating the cost impact is relevant for policymakers and public decision-makers to create the framework of no one left behind. The findings contribute to a better understanding of the implementation effort for Enabling the Digital Transformation of Human European Workers.
Parlamentul European: adoptarea rezoluției „Cadrul UE pentru situația socială și profesională a artiștilor și lucrătorilor din sectoarele culturale și creative"
(Wolters Kluwer Romania SRL, 2024) Dutu Buzura, Andrei
De exemplu, în anul 1980, în cadrul celei de-a 21-a sesiuni a Conferinţei Generale a UNESCO, a fost adoptată o recomandare care vizează îmbunătăţirea statutului profesional, social şi economic al artiştilor; aceasta a fost urmată de o solicitare formală de punere în aplicare a politicilor şi măsurilor referitoare la formare, securitate socială, locuri de muncă, venituri şi condiţii fiscale, mobilitate şi libertate de exprimare. Un atare demers se dovedeşte a fi ambiţios atât sub aspectul formei, cât şi sub cel al conţinutului; astfel, demarând prin mai bine de şaizeci de paragrafe cu caracter introductiv, rezoluţia cuprinde nu mai puţin de 23 de considerente şi 73 de recomandări, care tratează subiecte marcate de un grad ridicat de diversitate: de la remunerarea artiştilor, bolile profesionale ale acestora, la provocările digitale, un nivel minim de protecţie socială, mobilitatea lor în cadru european etc. Astfel, articolul 167 din Tratatul privind funcţionarea Uniunii Europene (TRUE) defineşte rolul Uniunii Europene în domeniul culturii ca o „competenţă de sprijin", în acest sector urmărindu-se „susţinerea, coordonarea sau completarea acţiunii statelor membre" (art. 6 TRUE). Motivele unei atare precarităţi economice sunt multiple şi, din păcate, nu sunt identificate sau avute în vedere în documentul de faţă. Şi aceasta în condiţiile în care diversificarea din ce în ce mai accentuată a ofertei artistice şi culturale se dovedeşte a fi, de cele mai multe ori, neprofitabilă, iar entităţile în domeniu depun eforturi semnificative în căutarea mijloacelor de subzistenţă, ceea ce le determină să ocolească normele imperative din domeniul dreptului muncii şi, astfel, să recurgă la forme contractuale precare sau informale pentru a reduce costurile remuneraţiilor şi al contribuţiilor sociale, afectând astfel în mod negativ şi chiar dăunător regimul de protecţie a artiştilor şi profesioniştilor. Problema lipsei unor reglementări concrete O atare abordare intersectorială nu este pur aleatorie; şi aceasta în condiţiile în care multe studii şi rapoarte, europene, naţionale sau internaţionale, au evidenţiat un dezechilibru din ce în ce mai semnificativ în cadrul contractual care leagă creatorii de diferiţi operatori şi difuzori media, relevându-se pe această cale necesitatea de a pune în aplicare o politică comună mai puternică spre a consolida protecţia intereselor profesionale ale artiştilor şi lucrătorilor din sectoarele de divertisment (totuşi, în mod explicit au fost invocate în acest sens, trei studii elaborate tot în cadrul Parlamentului European: K. Muszyński şi A. Gromada, Cadrul Uniunii Europene pentru politica socială şi situaţia profesională a artiştilor şi lucrătorilor din sectoarele culturale şi creative, septembrie 2023; C. Kammerhofer-Schlegel, C. Navarra, M. Centrone şi C. Cesnovar, Cadrul UE pentru situaţia socială şi profesională a artiştilor şi lucrătorilor din sectoarele culturale şi creative, octombrie 2023; S. Carre, S. Le Cam şi F. Macrez, Contracte de achiziţii impuse de platformele din sectorul cultural şi creativ, noiembrie 2023). în Franţa, observaţii aparţinând aceluiaşi registru de analize au fost făcute în mod repetat (B. Racine, Autorul şi actul de creaţie, raport către Ministrul Culturii, ianuarie 2020; Misiune flash privind statutul autorilor, P. Bois şi C. Le Grip, iulie 2020; P. Sirinelli şi S. Dormont, Contractul de comandă, raport prezentat în şedinţa plenară a CSPLA din 15 decembrie 2020), fapt care a determinat iniţierea unor reforme duse mai mult sau mai puţin la bun sfârşit. Cu toate că sectorul angajează 3,8% din forţa de muncă europeană şi reprezintă 4,4% din PIB, acesta încă nu se bucură de o protecţie juridică corespunzătoare, pe motiv că se caracterizează prin modele şi condiţii atipice de muncă, venituri neregulate şi posibilităţi limitate de negociere şi dialog social unitare.
Resilient Entrepreneurship among European Higher Education Graduates
(MDPI, 2018-08) Zamfir, Ana Maria; Mocanu, Cristina; Grigorescu, Adriana
Resilience represents the ability of systems and individuals to adapt and overcome the difficulties and challenges they face. Resilient entrepreneurs are those who cope with stressful or adverse situations by relying on both internal and external factors. This article examines the way higher education graduates express entrepreneurial resilience in various national contexts. We analyze the Research into Employment and professional Flexibility (REFLEX) data set that provides information on early career of higher education graduates leaving education in the academic year 1999/2000 in 13 European countries. We study resilience in entrepreneurship by considering both how long higher education graduates succeed to remain in self-employment and the extent to which they re-entry in entrepreneurship after exiting. Survival analyses, logistic and cox regressions indicate important differences in patterns of starting, remaining and returning in self-employment and in factors influencing the retention in entrepreneurship among higher education graduates. It is argued that structural factors, personal characteristics and educational background explain a large amount of variation in resilient entrepreneurship.
Revisiting R&D intensity and CO2 emissions link in the USA using time varying granger causality test: 1870∼2020
(Cell Press, 2023-10) Chang, Hao-Wen; Chang, Tsangyao; Xiang, Feiyun; Mikhaylov, Alexey; Grigorescu, Adriana
R&D intensity, per capita GDP, and per capita CO2 emissions links in the USA over the period of 1870-2020 reflects the evolution of the economic development and technology for the environment benefit. Using Time varying Granger causality, the empirical results indicate both causal links between R&D intensity and per capita CO2 emissions and between per capita GDP and per capita CO2 emissions are time varying. In addition, R&D intensity significantly affects per capita CO2 emissions since 1975, and the per capita GDP significantly influences per capita CO2 emissions since 1978. That is, these findings not only in supportive of the EKC theory, but further disentangle the subtly linkages for the R&D intensity and CO2 emissions and the per capita GDP and CO2 emissions. Finally, the policy implication is that launch the new technical innovation and increase in R&D investment to maintain its sustainable economic growth are the best government strategy to reduce CO2 emissions in the USA.
Space-Time Forecasting of Heating & Cooling Energy Needs as an Energy Poverty Measure in Romania
(MDPI, 2024) Grigorescu, Adriana; Pîrciog, Camelia Speranța; Lincaru, Cristina
Lack of access to basic energy services, known as energy poverty, remains felt in the country, with seasonal changes and an economic divide. The frameworks to measure energy poverty differ spatially and temporally, with climate change and behavioral culture being the essential influencing factors. This paper is focused on heating and cooling energy demands, which can be defined as an energy poverty metric for the propensity to be at risk of energy poverty caused by climate regime. Employing sophisticated statistical space–time forecasting tools, we build a model incorporating spatial and temporal energy consumption volatility across Romanian regions at the NUTS3 level. The model considers climatic conditions and raw data from 45 years (1979–2023) of cooling and heating degree days to determine local trajectories for the next nine years. Identifying high-energy-poverty-risk areas in our research can provide valuable insights for policymakers, enabling them to develop targeted plans for eliminating energy poverty and ensuring equitable access to heating and cooling. The results underline the necessity of differentiated approaches in energy policies and add value to the general understanding of energy poverty issues and conditions, considering the Romanian climatic and socio-economic context.

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