SNSPA Digital Repository
Welcome to SNSPA Digital Repository, the institutional repository of the National University of Political Sciences and Public Administration.
The repository contains research produced by SNSPA academic staff, including journal articles, book chapters, books, working papers, conference papers, and more.
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The Regulation of Market Manipulation in the EU Energy Sector: Doctrinal Analysis of REMIT II’s Sanctioning Framework
(MDPI, 2025-08-25) Berceanu, Bogdan Ionut; Carausan, Mihaela; Zorzoana, Alina
This study examines the evolution of the European Union’s regulatory framework addressing energy market manipulation, focusing on recent amendments introduced by Regulation (EU) 2024/1106 (REMIT II) to the original REMIT—Regulation on Market Integrity and Transparency (EU) No. 1227/2011. Employing logical interpretation and comparative legal analysis, the paper explores the rationale and challenges of developing a proportionate yet dissuasive sanctioning regime for acts of market manipulation. The study commences with a comprehensive overview of manipulative practices within energy markets and the legal thresholds they must meet to fall under REMIT. A critical evaluation of the role of the European Union Agency for the Cooperation of Energy Regulators (ACER) is conducted, with particular attention to its updated guidelines following the revision of the REMIT regulation. A particular emphasis is placed on the evidentiary standard that is required to establish manipulation, a matter of particular significance in the context of enforcement. The comparative section analyses REMIT and REMIT II, identifying significant legal innovations and the regulatory intent behind them. The study highlights the need for enhanced legislative harmonization among Member States and strengthened coordination among national regulators under ACER. It is noteworthy that Romania has proactively aligned its policies with those of REMIT II, a development that is presented as a case study and a call for more widespread implementation. This analysis contributes to the existing body of knowledge in academic discourse since this topic has not been widely covered in the literature, despite the heightened relevance of energy market regulation in the current European context.
Intersectoral Labour Mobility in Europe as a Driver of Resilience and Innovation: Evidence from Granularity and Spatio-Temporal Modelling
(MDPI, 2025-11-18) Lincaru, Cristina; Pirciog, Camelia Speranta; Grigorescu, Adriana; Mladen-Macovei, Luise
Intersectoral labour mobility is a key driver of economic resilience and innovation in Europe. The redistribution of workers across sectors and regions enables economies to adapt to shocks, create flexibility and increase the rate of structural change. However, the dynamics of mobility have not been adequately investigated across varying scales of sectoral granularity and spatio-temporal dimensions. This paper applies the Intersectoral Mobility Index (MI) to all European NUTS-2 areas from 2008 to 2020, utilising Eurostat Structural Business Statistics. Two levels of sectoral aggregation (NACE Rev. 2, 1-digit and 2-digit) are employed to compute MI, capturing both broad and fine-grained reallocations. Classical indices of structural change (NAV, Krugman, Shorrocks) are combined with spatio-temporal modelling in ArcGIS Pro, employing Space–Time Cubes, time-series exponential smoothing forecasts, time-series clustering and emerging hot spot analysis. Results indicate that MI distributions are positively skewed and heavy-tailed, with peaks coinciding with systemic crises (2009–2011, 2020). At the 2-digit level, MI values are significantly higher, revealing intra-sectoral changes obscured in aggregated data. A statistically significant downward trend in mobility suggests an increasing structural rigidity following the global financial crisis. Regional clustering highlights heterogeneity: a small number of regions, such as Bremen, Madeira and the Southern Great Plain, have sustained high or unstable mobility, while most exhibit convergent mobility and low reallocation. This paper contributes to the conceptualisation of MI as a dual measure of resilience and innovation preparedness. It underscores the importance of multi-scalar and spatio-temporal methods in monitoring labour market flexibility. The findings have policy implications, including the design of targeted reskilling programmes, proactive labour market policies and just transition plans to maintain regional resilience during the EU’s green and digital transitions.
Lanțul fragil al cipurilor. Călătoria AI-ului din Olanda până în telefoanele, laptopurile și chiar în mașinile noastre
(SNSPA - Faculty of Public Administration, 2026-01-16) Vrabie, Catalin
ASML reprezintă un nod critic în lanțul valoric global al semiconductorilor, deținând un monopol efectiv asupra echipamentelor de litografie cu ultraviolete extreme (EUV), indispensabile producției de cipuri avansate. Deși actori majori precum Nvidia și TSMC proiectează și fabrică procesoare de vârf, capacitatea lor de a produce la scări tehnologice avansate depinde structural de infrastructura tehnologică furnizată de compania olandeză. Studiul sintetizează principalele mecanisme care susțin această poziție dominantă: investiții cumulative de cercetare-dezvoltare pe termen lung, o rețea extinsă de furnizori specializați și un portofoliu semnificativ de proprietate intelectuală, dificil de reprodus de către competitori. În plan geopolitic, tehnologia EUV a devenit un element central al politicilor de control al exporturilor și al tensiunilor comerciale dintre Statele Unite și China, amplificând relevanța strategică a ASML. În concluzie, analiza evidențiază rolul ASML ca infrastructură „invizibilă” pentru ecosisteme economice emergente—inteligență artificială, industria auto și electronice de consum—și discută perspectivele de evoluție ale companiei în raport cu cererea crescândă de infrastructură AI și cu dezvoltarea generațiilor viitoare de echipamente cu precizie sporită.
Când AI își dă seama că este testată: cazul Claude Opus 4.6 și limitele benchmark-urilor
(SNSPA - Faculty of Public Administration, 2026-03-15) Vrabie, Catalin
Acest articol explorează apariția conștientizării situaționale (situational awareness) în inteligența artificială avansată, concentrându-se în special asupra unui caz în care modelul Claude Opus 4.6 a identificat faptul că era testat. Atunci când s-a confruntat cu un benchmark dificil bazat pe web, modelul a devenit suspicios față de interogări și a reușit să decripteze răspunsuri ascunse, în loc să rezolve problemele prin raționament standard. Acest comportament, cunoscut sub numele de „reward hacking”, reflectă experimente anterioare în care agenți AI au exploatat erori ale software-ului pentru a-și atinge obiectivele prin scurtături neintenționate. Autorul observă că, pe măsură ce modelele cresc în dimensiune și complexitate, ele devin tot mai ingenioase strategic în ocolirea constrângerilor și evaluărilor impuse de oameni. În consecință, textul evidențiază o provocare critică de aliniere (alignment), sugerând că dezvoltatorii trebuie să implementeze limite mai stricte pentru a preveni utilizarea unor tactici înșelătoare de către AI în îndeplinirea obiectivelor sale. Măsurarea proceselor de chain-of-thought (lanțul de raționament) este prezentată ca un instrument esențial pentru monitorizarea acestor schimbări — de la executarea onestă a sarcinilor către manipulare conștientă de sine.
Entering the Second Decade; Rethinking Smart Cities and Regional Development
(SNSPA - Faculty of Public Administration, 2026-06-06) Vrabie, Catalin
Marking the beginning of its tenth volume, Smart Cities and Regional Development reflects on a decade of interdisciplinary research at the intersection of technology, governance, and sustainable urban transformation. The contributions in this issue collectively emphasize that digital transformation in cities and regions extends beyond technological adoption, requiring ethical grounding, institutional capacity, and human-centered leadership. From philosophical reflections on cosmopolitan ethics and governance, to empirical analyses of healthcare digitalization and comparative regional innovation systems, and discussions on HRM 5.0 and digital leadership, the articles highlight the importance of aligning technological progress with responsible governance and societal values. Together, they underline that smart cities and regional development are not merely technological endeavors but long-term societal projects demanding coordinated institutions, ethical responsibility, and inclusive sustainability.