Faculty of Public Administration

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Artificial intelligence and sustainable development during the pandemic: An overview of the scientific debates
(Cell Press, 2024-05-15) Năstasă, Anamaria; Dumitra, Teodora Catalina; Grigorescu, Adriana
The current work aims to analyze the main themes related to artificial intelligence (AI) and sustainable development during the pandemic period. This study provides an overview of the specialized literature related to AI and sustainability from the beginning of the pandemic through 2023. The present paper analyses scientific literature emphasizing both artificial intelligence's positive and negative impacts on sustainable development objectives (SDGs). To conduct the research, we employed bibliometric analysis and text-mining techniques to identify the major themes in the literature indexed in the Web of Science and Scopus databases. Firstly, we used descriptive measures to identify the authors' impact, the article production by country, the main keywords used, and other descriptive data. We further used data reduction methods based on coword analysis (such as multiple correspondence analysis) on authors' keywords to show patterns in the themes explored in the literature. Bibliometric analysis was supplemented by text mining using Latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) and structural topic modeling on abstracts to provide a comprehensive view of scientific debates on AI and sustainable development. Our research has identified various themes in the literature related to AI and sustainable development. These themes include social sustainability, health-related issues, AI technologies for energy efficiency, sustainability in industry and innovation, IoT technologies for smart and sustainable cities, urban planning, technologies for education and knowledge production, and the impact of technologies on SDGs. We also found that there is a significant positivity bias in the literature when discussing the impact of AI on sustainable development. Despite acknowledging certain risks, the literature tends to focus on the potential benefits of AI across various sectors. In addition, the analysis shows a growing emphasis on energy efficiency, which is facilitated by the use of AI technologies. Our study contributes to a better understanding of current scholarly discussion trends and emerging scientific avenues regarding AI and sustainable development. It also highlights the areas where research is needed and the implications for practitioners and policymakers.
Artificial Intelligence-Based Decision-Making Algorithms, Internet of Things Sensing Networks, and Deep Learning-Assisted Smart Process Management in Cyber-Physical Production Systems
(MDPI, 2021-10) Andronie, Mihai; Lăzăroiu, George; Iatagan, Mariana; Uță, Cristian; Ștefănescu, Roxana; Cocoșatu, Mădălina
With growing evidence of deep learning-assisted smart process planning, there is an essential demand for comprehending whether cyber-physical production systems (CPPSs) are adequate in managing complexity and flexibility, configuring the smart factory. In this research, prior findings were cumulated indicating that the interoperability between Internet of Things-based real-time production logistics and cyber-physical process monitoring systems can decide upon the progression of operations advancing a system to the intended state in CPPSs. We carried out a quantitative literature review of ProQuest, Scopus, and the Web of Science throughout March and August 2021, with search terms including "cyber-physical production systems ", "cyber-physical manufacturing systems ", "smart process manufacturing ", "smart industrial manufacturing processes ", "networked manufacturing systems ", "industrial cyber-physical systems, " "smart industrial production processes ", and "sustainable Internet of Things-based manufacturing systems ". As we analyzed research published between 2017 and 2021, only 489 papers met the eligibility criteria. By removing controversial or unclear findings (scanty/unimportant data), results unsupported by replication, undetailed content, or papers having quite similar titles, we decided on 164, chiefly empirical, sources. Subsequent analyses should develop on real-time sensor networks, so as to configure the importance of artificial intelligence-driven big data analytics by use of cyber-physical production networks.
E-Government 3.0: An AI Model to Use for Enhanced Local Democracies
(MDPI, 2023-06) Vrabie, Cătălin
While e-government (referring here to the first generation of e-government) was just the simple manner of delivering public services via electronic means, e-gov 2.0 refers to the use of social media and Web 2.0 technologies in government operations and public service delivery. However, the use of the term 'e-government 2.0' is becoming less common as the focus shifts towards broader digital transformation initiatives that may include AI technologies, among others, such as blockchain, virtual reality, and augmented reality. In this study, we present the relatively new concept of e-government 3.0, which is built upon the principles of e-government 2.0 but refers to the use of emerging technologies (e.g., artificial intelligence) to transform the delivery of public services and improve governance. The study objective is to explore the potential of e-government 3.0 to enhance citizen participation, improve public service delivery, and increase responsiveness and compliance of administrative systems in relation to citizens by integrating emerging technologies into government operations using as a background the evolution of e-government over time. The paper analyzes the challenges faced by municipalities in responding to citizen petitions, which are a core application of local democracies. The author starts by presenting an example of an e-petition system (as in use today) and analyses anonymized data of a text corpus of petitions directed to one of the Romania municipalities. He will propose an AI model able to deal faster and more accurately with the increased number of inputs, trying to promote it to municipalities who, for some reason, are still reluctant to implement AI in their operations. The conclusions will suggest that it may be more effective to focus on improving new algorithms rather than solely on 'old' technologies.
Europe, a Second-Hand Power in The AI World
(2023) Văcărelu, Marius
In this decade we are witnesses and even actors of the establishment of a new technology, which has the power to change psychological realities, but especially in the sphere of politics and economics. The emergence of Artificial Intelligence – or more precisely the huge leap that this technology has made in recent years – has brought a series of relevant questions, both from a strictly scientific point of view and from a practical perspective. Unlike the previous decade, when perhaps part of the debate seemed too advanced, now we are in full competitive reality. It should not be forgotten that the present, if it is competitive, allows human intelligence to assert itself in conferences, articles and volumes. Since Artificial Intelligence brings with it so many changes in such a short interval and in (too) many fields, it is logical that the number of studies on the subject of its implementation should also grow constantly. Europe’s situation in this huge process of change needs to be debated. The specific conditions of the continent raise several issues, and among these, the most important seems to be its position in the global ranking of the implementation of Artificial Intelligence. It is precisely this aspect that I am trying to examine in this text, with the firm promise that in the future I will also research the changes that appear in this huge global competition.
Implementation of the European Ethical Charter on the Use of Artificial Intelligence in Judicial Systems and Their Environment
(Universul Juridic, 2019) Moroianu Zlătescu, Irina; Zlatescu, Petru Emanuel
The European Commission for the Effectiveness of Justice (CEPEJ) of the Council of Europe adopted at the end of 2018 the first European document setting out the basic principles of the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in national judicial systems, principles that reflect both fundamental values and essential methodological requirements for the creation and development of algorithms. The degree of development of access to justice in AI instruments, however, differs from state to state, starting from random distribution of cases, processing of judicial decisions and data by AI, tools of predictive justice up to the solving of cases by a robot.
Knowledge Sharing Key Issue for Digital Technology and Artificial Intelligence Adoption
(MDPI, 2023-07) Binsaeed, Rima H.; Yousaf, Zahid; Grigorescu, Adriana; Samoilă, Alina; Chițescu, Răzvan Ion; Nassani, Abdelmohsen A.
In the current digital era, digital technologies develop and emerge rapidly, businesses, especially the electronic sector more connected to information technology, facing challenges in the terms of its technology infrastructure and tactical directions. That's why most of them adopt the latest digital technology (DT) and design novel business strategies and models. The growing significance of AI in the transformation of manufacturing operations and the demand for a thorough knowledge of the variables affecting its adoption serve as the driving forces behind the study. Several researchers have presented that digital technology can lead toward AI adoption. Though, previous studies lack an efficient transformation pathway. Therefore, this study establishes an inventive approach and aims to investigate the direct link between digital technology and AI adoption, the mediating function of knowledge sharing (KS) between them, and explore the moderating impact of privacy and security that assist in the acceleration of AI adoption in electronics manufacturing enterprises through the antecedent of digital technology. This study is quantitative in nature, random sampling method and questionnaire is used as a survey tool. Depending on 298 questionnaire data from electronic firms of Saudi Arabia, this study performs multi-level correlation and regression analysis to evaluate study hypotheses. Findings confirm that digital technology has a positive influence on AI adoption. In addition, outcomes corroborate that knowledge sharing mediates in the linkage between digital technology and AI adoption. The results also proved that privacy and security have a positive moderation impact on the association between digital technology and AI adoption. This study enlighten that the adoption of this framework enables electronic manufacturing companies to strategically integrate digital-technologies to promote effective AI adoption, increase its operational efficiency, and sustain a competitive advantage in the constantly evolving manufacturing landscape. The outcomes as well supplement the previous study on the linkage between digital technology and AI adoption, expand application space and theoretical boundary from the perspective of knowledge sharing, privacy and security at the managerial level, and give reference for AI adoption in, as electronics manufacturing firms.
Politicians and Artificial Intelligence Refusal: Brief Considerations
(Academic Conferences International Limited, 2022) Văcărelu, Marius
Technological development of the last decades changed not only working procedures but also economic hierarchies and – in many cases – it offered an instrument for ambitious leaders to bring a new perspective to countries, continents, or even the world in different areas: economy, law, politics, etc. Inside these new dimensions of human life, politicians are asked to create rules for societies, but also their specific tasks. At the same time, politicians are asked to think about the future and to settle the main directions for national development, in such a way to profit for today and the next generations. For such development plans, politicians need to consult many data and create a specific legal framework, able to increase people's skills in every area, in a coherent vision that includes Artificial Intelligence. Artificial Intelligence might have a special field of action in political competition, which must be regulated by the same actors able to use it. Such a specific legal possibility – to be able to regulate one of your tools – offers to politicians many interrogations about the limits of Artificial Intelligence use. Politics is a matter of power and history shows that many times politicians use many tools and administrative procedures to preserve or achieve power. Artificial Intelligence could be used for the same purposes and both scholars and citizens will be important to study how politicians will regulate it. In this case, an important topic is the Artificial Intelligence acceptance in political completions and if politicians will try to regulate its use with a specific interdiction on the political area. It will be also important to see if such interdictions will consider the danger for democratic institutions or other reasons like psychological dangers to the human mind, costs of implementation, etc.

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Browsing Faculty of Public Administration by Subject "Artificial Intelligence (AI)"