FSP - Sociology

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A hypothesis on the origin and synchrony of the Romanian and western medical sociology
(Presa Universitara Clujeana, 2016) Bucur, Bogdan
The present article focuses on the eating habits of the population of interwar Romania, as rendered in the monographic research of the Sociological School of Bucharest, founded and led by Professor Dimitrie Gusti. It also investigates the health state of the Romanian citizens, mainly, but not exclusively, of those from rural areas. Our sources of information on the nutrition and public health of interwar Romania consisted in the studies and research carried out in the 1918–1948 period by the Sociological School of Bucharest, published in scientific journals and books edited under the scientific authority of Professor Gusti. In this respect, we have examined, almost in its entirety, the relevant work published by the Monographic School on the subject of nutrition and public health.The present article aims, therefore, to summarize the sociological studies and research carried out in the interwar period, at national level, which we above mentioned. It also aims to bring forward, for further critical scrutiny, a hypothesis regarding the synchrony between the Romanian medical sociology(of Gustian origin) and the similar scientific movements from the Western countries.
Population health in interwar Romania reflected in the sociological school of Bucharest's research and publications
(McFarland & Co., 2016) Bucur, Bogdan
In this essay, I intend to elaborate on the subject of population health in interwar Romania, as reflected in the Sociological School of Bucharest’s research and publications. Therefore, all the data and information presented in this essay are based on Gustian School analysis and surveys, all rigorously substantiated methodologically, and either published in the prestigious scientific papers of the—so far—first and only Romanian school of sociology, either preserved in various national archives.
Prolegomena to the Romanian sociology and historiography of food
(Polirom, 2017) Bucur, Bogdan
This article examines the dietary habits of the predominantly rural (and also urban) population from Romania, in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. In order to access valid data regarding the diet of the local population, we used the analysis of social documents: journals and memoirs of foreign travelers transiting the Romanian Principalities (Wallachia and Moldavia) throughout the nineteenth century, respectively the monographic research of the Sociological School of Bucharest published mainly in the magazine called Sociologie Românească (1936-1942). At various points in time, we employed comparisons between the diet of the people from urban and rural environments, or between the food regimens of adults and children, correlations between the dietary habits and health status of the population, and between the dietary habits from Romania and those from other European and South American countries. A reading of the current article reveals certain a continuity, for hundreds of years, concerning the deficient dietary regimen of the Romanian peasant, who relied heavily on mămăligă, eaten together with several dairy products. Another conclusion is that, in the rural environment, food scarcity was not economically conditioned: even in the relatively prosperous households that were supplied with all the necessary aliments, women prepared plain, tasteless dishes, because they did not know how to cook. And finally, from a theoretical perspective, in this article we aim to address the rural roots of Romanian historiography and sociology of food (which we shall attempt to examine against similar scientific approaches from Western Europe).
The interlinkage between sociology and politics in monographic research in interwar Romania
(Centrul de Studii Transilvane, 2020) Bucur, Bogdan
The close relationship that prevailed between the two World Wars between the Romanian intellectuals and the political power, combined with the departure of social scientists from the principle of axiological neutrality, represented, during the reference period, a fact of life at european level and not in the least just accidents for Gustian monographers. During the period under review, the Romanian (and european) intellectuals seemed fascinated with the illusion of power. The political engagement of the Gustian monographers was a widespread phenomenon during the interwar and postwar periods. Being aware of the fact that field sociological research, no matter how scientifically robust, had but a limited spread and an immaterial impact on the population, the Gustian monographers ended up believing that the political activism of university students remained the only solution for the evolution of Romania. In this regard, sociology was perceived and understood as a science of the Romanian nation, and was used for the benefit of the state apparatus.
The methodology and deontology of sociological research in times of war and dictatorship
(Filodiritto Editore, 2020) Bucur, Bogdan
It is a lesser-known fact that the sociological researches – of political and administrative orientation – carried out by Gusti School, during the interwar Romania, continued during World War II, when Marshal Antonescu established the military dictatorship regime, in September 1940. Moreover, the sociological research carried out in Transnistria, on the left bank of the Dniester River, during Antonescu’s regime, innovated Gusti’s monograph. This appened although the administrative performance of the Government from Bucharest was worse than that of the previous Soviet Government – as the studies of the sociologist Golopentia, made in Transnistria, during World War II, under the temporary Romanian military occupation, reveal. For the first time, the political-administrative dimension was rigorously studied from a scientific standpoint by the Sociological School of Bucharest, in Transnistria, between December 1941-February 1944, at the disposal of Antonescu’s government. At that time, a team from the National Institute of Statistics, led by Anton Golopentia, had been commissioned to identify the Romanians from the East of Bug, to repatriate them from the former Soviet territory of Ukraine occupied by Nazi Germany. In such circumstances, as it is usually the case, monographic research was done. This time the research was carried out in Valea-Hoţului, a locality from Transnistria, Ananiev county, between January and March 1942. In this historical context, in some of the investigated villages, the sociological research report included an informative note regarding the political views of the local population, under the Romanian military occupation regime. Also, the political perception of the Transnistrian Moldovans regarding Antonescu’s government was scientifically studied in comparison with the previous Soviet regime. The research findings were astonishing. The sociological reports submitted to the government systematically contained information intentionally falsified by the monographs. The purpose was not to expose the local population to the risk of potential political persecutions by Antonescu’s government. In this context, it should be noted that the dissatisfaction with the Romanian administration in Transnistria was almost generalized, but perfectly justified by the flawed way in which this former Soviet province was governed. However, all social information was accurately collected from the field, from a methodological point of view.

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