FSP - Human Rights

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Browsing FSP - Human Rights by Author "Grosescu, Raluca"

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    Justice and memory after dictatorship : Latin America, Central Eastern Europe, and the fragmentation of international criminal law
    (Oxford University Press, 2024) Grosescu, Raluca
    After the fall of military and communist dictatorships at the end of the 1980s, Latin American and Eastern European countries had to reckon with atrocities perpetrated by these Cold War regimes. Judges, prosecutors, and human rights campaigners across the two regions constructed novel readings of international criminal law to fight impunity and realize justice for gross human rights violations. Justice and Memory after Dictatorship: Latin America, Central Eastern Europe and the Fragmentation of International Criminal Law provides a groundbreaking socio-historical account of the global transformation of international criminal law from these two semi-peripheries of the world system. Based on ethnographic observation and analyses of jurisprudence, Raluca Grosescu dissects the narratives that were fundamentally shaped by the relationship of law and politics. Using paradigmatic cases and personal interviews with lawyers and judicial officials from Latin America and Eastern Europe, Grosescu uncovers how legal actors and organizations were instrumental in questioning an international order that marginalized the political violence that had unfolded in the two regions during the Cold War. Justice and Memory after Dictatorship is a significant volume in modern international criminal and human rights law and an important read for scholars, students, and legal practitioners alike.
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    Revisiting state socialist approaches to international criminal and humanitarian law : an introduction
    (Brill, 2019) Grosescu, Raluca; Richardson-Little Ned
    More than twenty years after Augusto Pinochet’s arrest in London, this special issue examines the globalization of post-dictatorial and post-conflict justice and memory processes through the lens of interconnections and mutual influences between Europe and South America. The collection challenges the currently domi- nant literature on reckoning with violent pasts. It does so by moving beyond both analyses confined within specific national borders and diffusionist accounts of so- called “universalised” justice and mnemonic paradigms purportedly embraced worldwide. The Trans-Atlantic perspective provides scholars with an ideal oppor- tunity to analyse empirically the nexus between global and local scales of action, and to highlight agency in transnational mnemopolitics. Through case studies of trans-regional entanglements, we contend that the globalization of memory and justice paradigms goes hand in hand with a fragmentation of, and on occasion com- petition between different narratives concerning dictatorial pasts, between inter- national, regional and local understandings of “best practices” of dealing with political violence, and between various professional groups engaged in account- ability and remembrance processes. The collection shows the multi-faceted nature of transnational transfers and collaborations, some of which reflect concepts that have become significant in the international arena, while others mirror ideas and practices with limited global impact that circulate only between “semi-periph- eries” or between less influential networks of activists.
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    State socialist endeavours for the non-applicability of statutory limitations to international crimes : historical roots and current implications
    (BrBrill | Nijhoff, 2019) Grosescu, Raluca
    This article analyses the role of Eastern European socialist governments and legal ex- perts in encoding the non-applicability of statutory limitations to international crimes. It argues that socialist elites put this topic on the agenda of the international commu- nity in the 1960s through two interrelated processes. On the one hand, legal scholars cooperated with Western European lawyers in order to enforce the idea that the in- ternational crimes codified by the Nuremberg Charter should not be subject to pre- scription. On the other hand, Eastern European governments proposed and enabled – through their cooperation with African and Asian states – the adoption of the 1968 UN Convention on the Non-Applicability of Statutory Limitations to War Crimes and Crimes against Humanity. In the first decade of the twenty-first century, this instru- ment became an important tool for advancing prosecutions of international crimes committed under dictatorships and violent conflicts, particularly in Central Eastern Europe and Latin America.
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    State socialist experts in transnational perspective : East European circulation of knowledge during the Cold War (1950s–1980s) : introduction to the thematic Issue
    (Brill | Schöningh, 2018) Iacob, Bogdan; Dobos, Corina; Grosescu, Raluca; Iacob, Viviana; Pașca, Vlad
    State socialist experts were at the center of Eastern Europe’s internationalization from the mid-1950s until 1989. They acted as intermediaries between their states and other national, regional, and international environments. The contributions integrate national milieus within broader frameworks mostly circumscribed by inter- and nongovernmental specialized organizations (the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe; the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization; International Theater Institute, or the un Commission on Population and Development). The issue is an innovative initiative to identify within four fields (economy, demography, theatre, and historical studies) state socialist experts’ contributions to international debates and institution building. We argue that these groups were fundamentally characterized by their transnational dynamism. The resultant forms of mobility and transfer resituate specific systems of knowledge production from Eastern Europe within the larger story of postwar globalization. The collection also includes an anthropological study about the internationalization trajectories of lower-ranked professionals and the resilience of their expertise ethics after 1989. Socialist experts’ mobilities can be circumscribed at the intersection of multiple phenomena that defined the postwar: national settings’ impact on inter- and supra-state interactions; Cold War politics; the tribulations of international organizations; and global trends determined by the accelerating interconnectedness of the world and decolonization. Our findings de-center established narratives about the Cold War and they show how representatives from the East participated in and sometimes determined the conditions of Europeanizing and globalizing trends in their respective fields within particular organizations.
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    Transnational advocacy networks and corporate accountability for gross human rights violations in Argentina and Colombia. DOI:10.1080/13600826.2019.1598947
    (Routledge, 2019) Grosescu, Raluca
    More than twenty years after Augusto Pinochet’s arrest in London, this special issue examines the globalization of post-dictatorial and post-conflict justice and memory processes through the lens of interconnections and mutual influences between Europe and South America. The collection challenges the currently domi- nant literature on reckoning with violent pasts. It does so by moving beyond both analyses confined within specific national borders and diffusionist accounts of so- called “universalised” justice and mnemonic paradigms purportedly embraced worldwide. The Trans-Atlantic perspective provides scholars with an ideal oppor- tunity to analyse empirically the nexus between global and local scales of action, and to highlight agency in transnational mnemopolitics. Through case studies of trans-regional entanglements, we contend that the globalization of memory and justice paradigms goes hand in hand with a fragmentation of, and on occasion com- petition between different narratives concerning dictatorial pasts, between inter- national, regional and local understandings of “best practices” of dealing with political violence, and between various professional groups engaged in account- ability and remembrance processes. The collection shows the multi-faceted nature of transnational transfers and collaborations, some of which reflect concepts that have become significant in the international arena, while others mirror ideas and practices with limited global impact that circulate only between “semi-periph- eries” or between less influential networks of activists.